Many miracles led to this redemption, including the Ten Plagues and the splitting of the Red Sea.
As the story tells it, the Jews were forced to depart Egypt in a hurry, before the Pharaoh could change his mind. Consequently, they could not wait for their bread to rise, and it became matzah, a wafer-thin bread. In commemoration of this event and for mystical reasons as well, the Jews refrain from eating leavened bread on Pesach, and eat matzah instead. The holiday is eight days long outside of Israel; in Israel, it is seven days in duration.
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